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No. These are two different things.

Indeed, abusive and problematic content often overlaps with negative sentiment. But it’s not always the case.

For example, when someone is advertising “high-quality cocaine”, the sentiment is clearly positive, but it’s criminal activity that needs to be tagged as abuse.

When someone is exchanging contact details, the sentiment is neutral; however, it still can be marked as external_contact. Racial slurs can easily be used in utterances with positive sentiment, too.

On the other hand, “very negative sentiment” does not necessarily mean cyberbullying or hate speech. Even utterances like I hate him are not personal attacks, as they are not aimed at someone participating in the current conversation. Read more about what constitutes a personal attack.